Rotating part of dynamos and motors



(No Model.)

B. A. SPERRY. ROTATING PARTS OF DYNAMUS 0R MOTORS- No. 434,096. Patented Aug; 12, 1890 1 72 7" l w-rifz y jazzcelr frier Zak wow UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE..

ELMER A. SPERRY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE SPERRY ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF ILLINOIS.

ROTATING PART OF DY NAMOS AND MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No 434,096, dated August 1 2, 1890.

Application filed September 9, 1889. Serial No. 323,479. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ELMER A. SPERRY, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful In1- provements in the Rotating Portions of Dynamos and Motors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to the rotating portions of motors or dynamos; and it consists in various details of construction of said rotating portion to be fully described, and set forth in the claims hereinafter.

The object sought is to so construct the whole as to successfully withstand sudden jars or strains of torquesuch, for instance, as is met with in operating mining-machines, especially that class employing concussive blows of heavy projectiles.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of the device; Fig.2, a transverse section on line X X, Fig. 1; Figs. 3 and 4, details of the method of winding; Fig. 5, an explanatory sketch, and Figs. 6 and 7 are details.

Like letters indicate the same parts throughout.

A is an armature-shaft. B B are plates secured to such shafta C C are bolts connecting said plates, provided with nuts on their extremities, as shown.

C indicates the insulationupon the entire length of the bolt between the nuts, and C represents insulation under the nuts and between them and the disks B B.

D indicates a mass of insulated disks, by means of which the armature-core is made up. A indicates an air-space between the disks and the shaft. D indicates radial strips,which are laid into the periphery of the disks in line of radius a short distance and protrude from the surface to separate and retain the coils in position. This insulation I prefer to construct of rawhide, it being the best material known to me for the purpose, having the advantage of not becoming brittle under a long continued use and moderate degree of heat.

E is the commutator, consisting of bars which secure the radial pieces E for the purpose of securing the wires thereto.

a and a" are two concave conical rings, se-

curing the commutator-segments in the usual way, being insulated therefrom. a is a nut screwed upon the shaft for the purpose of forcing the said rings together.

F F represent journal-bearings.

G represents a pinion mounted loosely upon the shaft A and bearing arms G, which impinge against the elastic cushions or springs II II, which are located and secured within the fly-wheel I. This fly-wheel is secured to the shaft by means of the feather or key 0. The shaft is provided with the longitudinal slot (Z and the aperture (1', into which a conical pin or bolt cl is secured. In winding the armature a piece of wire is taken from the reel of sufiicient length to make a few convolutions. This is placed upon the bobbin J, which is mounted upon a projection N from the armature-shaft. This projection is held upon the shaft by a set-screw N, and has a pin N, which supports the spool J. The spool must he slipped olf this pin during the process of winding, at each convolution which passes on the opposite side of the'shaft from that occupied by the first complete convolution which led from the said spool J around the body of the armature, so as to partake of the movements of the latter during the process of winding, which now goes forward in the usual way, winding off from the main supply-reel J until the last outer layer is reached and finished all but a few convolutions, the wire for which is continued upon the spool J. This spool is now detached from the holder N and its contents are placed. This method may be varied so that the spool J will contain one-half of the total coil without departing from the spirit of the invention. A section of the coil showing the edge of the same or awire upon each layer of coil is illustrated in Fig. 5. Fig. 3 illustrates the coil as the last layer is being completed. The old method of winding is shown in Fig. 4:. In employing this method of winding it will be readily seen that the extremities of the coil are both from the last convolution of the outside layer of the coil, and therefore not required to pass up from the bottom of the coil, as in the case of the first wire of the winding heretofore used, as shown at L, Fig. 5, which passing the other wires of the coil impinges thereon with a liability to cut the insulation of both and create a fault.

The operation of the various portions of the device is as follows: The disks B B are secured to the armature-shaft in the most rigid manner possible, so that the shocks mentioned will not tend to loosen them. These hubs are elongated, so as to have a longer bearing for the keys upon the shaft shown at M M. This is essential, as it has been found 1n practice that the thin disks D cannot be keyed upon the shaft or depended upon in and of themselves to withstand the sudden strains. The constructionis such that these dlsks are grouped in a mass held by cement and by the twelve heavy strips of insulation, as well as the bolts 0 free from the shaft, and the strain comes upon the two disks B ent1rely. These even would not suffice to stand the shocks were it not for the cushions between this shaft and the power-transmitting p nion, actingin conjunction with the inertia with the fly-wheel itself. To convey some 1dea of the severity of these shocks, it may be stated that a number of the usual methods of securely fastening the fly-wheel to the shaft were resorted to in vain, and it was not until the methods shown in this application were foundthat the fly-wheel could be made to stay rlgidly upon the shaft more than two days at a time. This is done by making the key slightly larger than will fill the recesses formed for its reception in both the fly-wheel and the shaft, so that when the taper screw or 1ts equivalent (1'', is inserted the impingement caused by the swelling of the shaft, due to the forcing in of the. taper screw, binds upon the key, it being directly in line of the enlargement. This device is found to work contmuously with satisfaction. Still other devlces are resorted to which act in conjunction with the foregoing, and which go to make up a successful rotating part for the purposes named. These consist in the devices and methods of construction other than those above named, which are found herein specified. The holes upon each side of the center in the disks D are made to quite accurately fit the insulation upon the exterior of the rods C, and these rods support thereby the said -disks, which are insulated in the usual manner from eachother, and which are also cemented to each other and clamped securely by the nuts upon the extremities of said rods. The action of the cushions His to prevent the power-transmitting portion of the rotating part of the dynamo or motor (represented by the pinion G in this case) from the irregular action which it has, owing, first, to lost motion in the train of gears or other powertransmitting device, inevitable upon wear, and, further, to sudden changes in the load or power transmitted. The location of the springs in the fly-wheel I is to directly trans mit the shocks to that portion of the apparatus in which a great amount of momentum and inertia exists withgut any intervening mechanism to be subjected to great torsional or wearing strains. The effect of the slotting of the end of the shaft A by the slot (1 and the use of the conical pin or bolt d" is to very rigidly attach the fly-wheel I, and at the same time protect the more delicate and insulated portions of the armature and commutator by the rigid and mastering inertia and momentum of the fly-wheel, which lies between such parts and the power-transmitting device. In winding an armature it is generally understood that the space upon the surface of the armature bears some definite and accurate relation to the wires placed thereon. If the wires are wound on, as is usually the case, by commencing with one end of the coil and winding from a reel, and after the coil is completed cutting the wire, and thus forming the other end of the coil, the under end is made to come up to the surface at one corner of the armature, as at L, Fig. 5. Now, it will readily be understood that if the coils are numerous the wires upon this end of the armature willhave to be crowded more closely together to allow the wire to come up from the bottom, thus seriously injuring the insulating properties and greatly shortening the life of the winding. To obviate this I have devised the winding described.

The pinion G may be replaced by other forms of power-transmittin g devices without departing from the spirit of the invention.

here the power is transmitted to or from the revolving armature by a spur-gear, the motion is always transmitted in a series of impacts, which result from the engagement of successive teeth. This impact soon loosens the coils upon the armature and causes abrasion, which is destructive to the insulation. This has recently been shown to be the case in the ordinary construction of motors for street-cars. The construction of the armature, the rigidly attached iiy-wheel, and elastic connections all combine to obviate this defeet perfectly, as is shown in apparatus where power is transmitted by gearing.

The nut a", I denominate the comm utatorcompressor.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a revolving portion of a dynamo or motor, the disks B B, with elongated hubs secured upon the armature-shaft, connected by boltsC, upon which are mounted a mass of thin disks forming the body of the armaturecore, said disks cemented together and to the said disks D D and provided with longitudinally-disposed keys or ribs, which extend into the mass of the armature-core for purpose of more rigidly uniting the same into a mass or body, said ribs extending a short distance above the periphery of the armature-core and serving to keep the coils which are placed upon the surface of said core from circumferential displacement, substantially as set forth.

IIO

2. In a revolving part for a dynamo or motor, the combination, with the armature-shaft, journals, and commutator, of disks B, with elongated hubs secured to the armature-shaft, bolts 0, connecting the same but insulated therefrom, disks D, which compose the body of the armature, the disks being insulated from each other, keyed by the insulatingstrips D, mounted upon said bolts and cemented together, in combination with apowertransmitting part loosely mounted upon said shaft and elastic connections mounted upon the shaft between it and said transmitting part, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a revolving portion for a dynamo or motor, which is subjected to sudden or concussive strains, the body of the armature made up of disks, combined with longitudinal insulations running the entire length of said disks for purpose of holding same more firmly together, said insulations consisting of rawhide, substantially as and for the purpose described.

4. In a revolving part for a dynamo or motor, an armature the body of which consists of thin insulated disks supplied with and partially secured together into a solid mass by longitudinal keys or ribs which enter into the mass of said disks and protrude a short distance for the reception of the coils, coils wound up on said armature, atoothed pinion mounted loosely upon said armatureshaft, and an elastic cushion between said pinion and the armature-shaft.

5. In a revolving part for a dynamo or motor, an armature the body of which consists of thin insulated disks supplied with and partially secured together into a solid mass by longitudinal keys or ribs which enterinto the mass of said disks and protrude a short distance for the reception of the coils, coils wound upon said armature, a toothed pinion mounted loosely upon said armature-shaft, a fly-wheel mounted rigidly upon said shaft, and an elastic cushion between said pinion and the armature-shaft.

6. In a revolving part for a dynamo or motor, an armature the body of which consists of thin insulated disks supplied with and partially secured together into a solid mass by longitudinal keys or ribs which enter into the mass of said disks and protrude a short distance for the reception of the coils, coils wound upon said armature, a toothed pinion mounted loosely upon said armature-shaft, a fly-wheel mounted rigidly upon said shaft and provided with arms G, elastic bodies contained within said fly-whecl and disposed upon either side of the arms, so that torsional shocks in either direction are overcome thereby, and an elastic cushion between said pinion and the ar mature-shaft.

7. In an armature for a dynamo or motor, constructed to withstand torsional shocks, the

body of which consists of thin insulated disks supplied with and partially secured together into a solid mass by longitudinal keys or ribs which enter into the mass of said disks and protrude a short distance for the reception of the coils, in combination with coils wound upon said armature, substantially in the manner Specified.

8. In a revolving portion for a dynamo or motor, adapted to Withstand sudden torsional shocks, and in combination with a cylindrical armature-core secured rigidly to the armature-shaft, windings of the conductor constituting the coil upon said armature wound upon said core by beginning at a point removed by the length of two or three or more convolutions from one end of the conductor and winding the two portions of the wire each side of this point of beginning therein in 0pposite directions'about the armature, bringing the last ends from the exterior layer, the wire leading from these two ends each forming a convolution or convolutions upon the exterior layer of the coil.

9. In a revolving portion for a dynamo or motor, adapted to withstand sudden torsional shocks, and in combination with a cylindrical armature-core secured rigidly to the armature-shaft, windings of the conductor constituting the coil upon said armature wound upon said core by first running off from the wire-containing reel J sufficient wire to make one-half or less of the entire coil and winding this upon the bobbin J, which is secured to a projection from the armature-shaft, next in winding upon the coil-wire from the wire-containing reel J up to a point where the wire yet to be taken from the said wire-containin g reel J is equal to that which is contained upon the bobbin J, at this point the two parts of the wire, one leading to the bobbin J and the other leading to the reel J, being wound in opposite directions until the coil is completed, the last convolutions of the coil constituting convolutions which are in the exterior layer of said coil, substantially for the purpose set forth.

- 10. In a rotating part for an electric machine, consisting, essentially, of the core mounted upon a shaft, insulated electrical conductors so disposed and retained upon the surface of the core that jars or shocks cause abrasion and destruction of the insulation upon such conductors, a toothed gear or pinion mounted loosely upon said shaft, in combination with an elastic driving medium located between the armature-shaft and said gear or pinion.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 27th day of August, 1889.

ELMER A. SPERRY.

In presence of-- CELESTE P. CHAPMAN, H. B. HALLOCK.

1 It is hereby certified that Letters Patent No. 435E096, granted August 12, 1890,1ipon the application of Elmer A. Sperry, of Chicago, Illinois, for an improvement in Rotating Parts of Dynamos and Motors, was erroneously issued to the Sperry should have been issued to the said Elmer A. Sperry, as sole owner; and that said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

of September, A. D. 1890.

GEO. CHANDLER,

I Signed, conntersigned, and sealed this 2d day [SEAL] ROBERT J. FISHER,

A cti ng Conmn'issioner of Pct-fonts.

Electric Company, of Illinois, as owner of the patent; that said Letters Patent First Assistant Secretary of the Interior.

It is hereby certified that Letters Patent No. 434,096, granted August 12, 18 90,11p0n the application of Elmer A. Sperry, of Chicago, Illinois, for an improvement in Rotating Parts of Dynamos and Motors, was erroneously issued to the Sperry Electric Company, of Illinois, as owner of the patent; that said Letters Patent should have been issued to the said Elmer A. Sperry, as sole owner; and that said Itettrs Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office. v

Signed, conntersigned, and sealed this 2d day of September, A. D. 1890.

[SEAL] GEO. CHANDLER,

' First Assistant Secretary of the Interior. G onntersigned:

ROBERT J. FISHER,

Acting Commissioner of Parents. 

